Collateral Ligament Injuries (MCL/LCL)

Pathophysiology

The Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) is located on the inside of the knee and can be injured during force from the outside to the inside of the knee. The Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) is located on the outside of the knee and can be injured during high energy direct forces which are from inside to outside.

Symptoms

Localised tenderness over MCL or LCL
Some swelling
Feeling of instability
Pain levels variable
Often associated with ACL tear but rarely meniscus

Management

Activity modification
Ice or heat
Pain relief
Physiotherapy including range of movement exercises and a graded strengthening programme
Orthopaedic options- If traumatic and active/sporting lifestyle may consider repair, otherwise 3-6 months conservative management

Investigations

For multi-ligament tears MRI with if considering surgery
In sporting/active individuals with singular ligament tears MRI, otherwise conservative treatment 3-6 months

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