Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries (ACL)

Self Help Guides | Knee Conditions | Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries (ACL)

Pathophysiology

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) provides stability to the knee joint by preventing the tibia from sliding on the femur and provides rotational stability in twisting movements. ACL injury often occurs during sports when the foot is planted and a sudden force hits the knee whilst the leg is straight or slightly bent. This can happen with sudden changes of direction, slowing down when running or landing from a jump. It is common in football, skiing and rugby.

Symptoms

Hearing a ‘pop’ or ‘crack’ or feeling of the knee giving way at the time of injury
Sudden onset of pain and development of bruising and swelling within a few hours of injury
Difficulty standing on the knee initially
Being unable to straighten the knee initially

Management

Activity modification
Ice or heat
Pain relief
Physiotherapy including range of movement exercises and a graded strengthening programme
Orthopaedic options- If traumatic and active/sporting lifestyle may consider repair, otherwise 3-6 months conservative management

Investigations

MRI with trauma if considering surgery

Exercises to try

Straight Leg Raise

Inner Range Quads

Sit to Stand