Pathophysiology

Generally seen in those aged over 65 years as part of the normal aging process. However the signs of normal ageing do not predict the presence of symptoms.

Symptoms

• Stiffness on neck movements and restriction, particularly on turning or looking upwards
• Pain, particularly at night and difficulty finding a comfortable position
• Difficulty looking over shoulder when driving
• Grinding, grating or clicking noises from the neck

Management

• Activity modification
• Ice or heat
• Pain relief
• Physiotherapy to include range of movement exercises and strengthening exercises

Investigations

• X-ray can assess the level of Osteoarthritis but is unlikely to change the treatment options
• Degenerative changes are commonly seen on X-rays and scans of people who are symptom-free, the presence of these changes does not mean they cause symptoms